Ikibazo: Ugutakaza umuzigo ni iki, biterwa n’iki, kandi tubipima gute?
A: Ugutakaza umuzigo (P6) ni ububasha buva mu bizingiti bitewe n’umuriro w’umuzigo n’umuvuduko w’amazi, bihuye na I2.
Ibice vy'ugutakaza umuzigo:
• I2R gutakaza (~70–85% vya P6) - DC guhangana n’ubushuhe bwa Joule.
• Gutakaza umuriro w’amazi mu bipfunsi (~10–20%) - urukoba + ingaruka zo hafi.
• Gutakaza ibice vy’imibumbe (~5–10%) - itangi, ibipfukisho, amabouti y’imbere.
Uburyo bwo kugerageza - Ngufi-Igerageza ry'Impedansi y'Umurongo:
|
Intambwe |
Igikogwa |
Ivyiyumviro |
|
1 |
Ngufi-umurongo wa kabiri (uruhande rwa LV) |
Koresha imirongo y'ibikorwa bikomeye- |
|
2 |
Gukoresha umuriro ugabanutse ku rwego rwa mbere |
Gutangura kuva kuri zero; kwongera ku giciro c'ubu |
|
3 |
Ingero V6, I2=I_yashizweko, P9 |
V6 ni 5–15% vya Un |
|
4 |
Inyandiko V6%=V6 / U1 × 100% |
Ijana kw'ijana ry'umuriro w'impedansi |
|
5 |
Kosora P6 kugera kuri degre 75 |
Pₖ(75) = Pₖ(T) × (235+75)/(235+T) |
P6 idasanzwe yerekana:
• > +15% y'amahuza → akomeye-y'ubudahangarwa, imirongo yavunitse, gutera nabi.
• Gutera imbere → gutera imbere mu guhuza, guhinduka kw’imirongo (eddies).
• V2% yahindutse > ±10% → uguhinduka kw’uruzitiro (umupaka wa IEC).
Kwemera: P6 Muto canke bingana n’ivyo + 15% vyemewe ku 75℃; V6% mu ±10% vy’ivyo vyemewe.